Fine Print School | Glossary: C

Chatter: The vibration produced by a rotating engraving cutter. Generally caused by defective cutters or spindles and results in rough cuts and finishes in the work.

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Check Clear Zone: An area 5/8” up from the bottom edge of the check which runs the full width. There should be no magnetic ink printed in this area other than the MICR encoded number. This allows the encoding of the magnetic numbering to be read accurately by the scanning equipment. Regular ink printed in this area must not block out the MICR number. Also referred to as MICR clear band.

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Check Copy: 1.Production copy of a publication verified by the customer as printed, finished and bound correctly.

2.One set of gathered book signatures approved by the customer as ready for binding.

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Check Digit: MOD (Modulus) or check digit numbering involves the selection of a numbering method (MICR, Gothic, OCR, or Bar Code) to be used on documents for which an additional digit will be printed to the right of the base sequential number. Formulas are then used to verify the document sequence and information processing. This digit enables the document owner to verify and control some aspects of the document, its contents, or the intended end use of the document. The digit can be used to assure the reliability of the numeric data entered, to make sure it matches the receiver of the materials listed on the document such as situations in which medications are issued.

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Check Paper: Chemically treated in order to betray any tampering with the writing on the checks.

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Checkerboards: Ads alternated with editorial text and placed diagonally on the quarter or half page.

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Checking: The appearance of very fine cracks in an adhesive, film or coating, such as varnish or lacquer. Also called crazing.

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Chemi-Thermomechanical Pulp: CTMP

Pulp produced by refining chemically impregnated, pre-heated woodchips.

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Chemical Ghosting: Faint replica of images printed on the other side of the sheet caused by chemical interaction of the inks during drying.

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Chemical Pulp: Pulp obtained from the chemical cooking or digestion of wood or other plant material.

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Chemical Pulping: The chemical solution used to separate wood fibers from lignin in the pulping process.

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Chemical Reactive Inks: This type ink reacts to solvents or chemicals, such as bleach, alcohol or acetone. When exposed to the solvents or chemicals, these inks will run, change color, or cause a stain to develop.

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Chemical Reactive Paper: Paper containing the chemical reactive features will turn brown, blue or black when bleach or solvents are used on it in an attempt to wash the ink from its surface.

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Chemical Resistance: The resistance of a label to holdup under exposure to chemicals.

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Chemical Void: A message is printed on the paper in an invisible chemical reactive ink that usually reads “Void” or “Stop”. When an attempt is made to wash off the ink on a document by using bleach or solvents, the message appears, making it clear that an attempt is being made to alter the document.

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Chemical Wood Pulp: Pulp that is prepared from chipped wood by treating with chemicals to remove the non-cellulose material.

Used in the better grade of wood pulp papers, and improves the qualities of mechanical pulp when the two are mixed.

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Chemistry: In photography and platemaking, a term used to describe the composition of processing solutions.

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Cheque or Security Papers: The grade carrying this term is printed on a paper with a sensitised body as a protection against fraud. Of good quality, the paper is chemically treated in such a way as to show any sign of unauthorised change. Additionally, the paper can contain certain fibres that can only be detected under special light. Another, cheaper type is used for receipt books, forms and coupons.

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Cheshire Labeling: Peal and Stick Style labels used for mailing magazines, catalogs, postcards etc.

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Cheshire Labels: Labels made of white computer paper. The computer paper is cut into label size pieces and then glued onto the mail piece by a special piece of equipment called a Cheshire machine.

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Chiaroscuro Woodcut: A form of woodcut involving several blocks in which one or more of the blocks is used to print large areas of tone.

Typically, a chiaroscuro woodcut will involve a line block to indicate the outlines of the composition and tone blocks with areas carved out to create highlights by allowing the white of the paper to show through. The final effect is similar to an ink wash drawing with highlights and line drawing.

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Chill Marking: Marking caused by the chill rollers on a heatset web press, which cool the web after drying.

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Chill Rolls or Cooling Rolls: On a press, the rolls used to reduce the temperature of the web and set the ink. They are located immediately after the drying oven on a press. Chill rolls are also used in the manufacture of carbon papers to cool carbon ink on the paper.

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China Clay: A naturally occurring mineral, consisting essentially of hydrated silicate of alumina, used as a filler or as a component in paper coating.

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Chipboard: A cardboard made up of repulped paper. It is used to add stability to note pads, shrink wrapped packages and other products. It is generally gray or brownish in color.

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Chipped: Refers to the condition of a book; a mark or flaw caused by scuffing, gouging, or breaking off of a small piece of the dust jacket, pages, or backstrip.

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Chlorine Dioxide: A chemical that has widely replaced elemental chlorine gas as a bleaching agent in pulp mills, resulting in a drastic reduction in the amount of dioxin produced.

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Choke: A type of trapping in which a lighter background overlaps a darker object that falls within the background and seems to squeeze or reduce the object.

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Chokes and Spreads: Overlap of overprinting images to avoid color or white fringes or borders around image detail. Called trapping in digital imaging systems.

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Chroma: A measure of the relative strength of light on a color. The chroma value references the amount of dilution or saturation occurring to a color hue, determined by the extent of deviation from a similarly valued neutral gray.

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Fine Print Knowledge Center

Glossary: C

CTMP