Fine Print Knowledge Center
The online guide to print and design.
- D.T. Cover
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“Double-thick” describes a sheet of paper made by bonding two thicknesses of paper together resulting in an extra-stiff sheet.
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- Daemon
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An automated and independent background program that performs specific functions in UNIX systems.
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- Dagger and double dagger
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- Daguerreotype
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Announced in 1839, the first direct-positive photographic process using silver-plated copper sensitized with fumes of iodine and developed in mercury vapors. Daguerrotypes are extremely precise and quickly became the process of choice for the early photographers. Attempts to duplicate daguerrotype images fueled development of the photogravure process.
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- Daisychaining
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Connecting multiple devices in a linking fashion or chain.
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- Damask Paper
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- Damp Streaks
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Streaks caused by uneven pressing of drying during paper manufacturing.
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- Dampeners
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In lithography, cloth covered, parchment paper or rubber rollers that distribute the dampening to the press plate.
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- Dampening Solution
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Water, gum buffered acid, and various types of etches used to keep the non – image areas of the plate moist, and preventing them from accepting ink, in the lithographic printing process; also called fountain solution.
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- Dampening System
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The part of an offset press that draws a thin film of dampening solution-water with isopropyl alcohol and other additives over the non-printing areas of the form. In vibrator-type dampening systems there is direct contact between the dampening solution container and a vibrator cylinder.
In centrifugal, turbo or brush-type dampening systems there is no such direct contact.
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- Dampstained
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A light stain on the cover or on the leaves of a book caused by moisture such as a piece of food or perspiration.
Generally not as severe as waterstains.
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- Dandy Roll
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A roll that is located above the wet web of paper. It smoothes the top surface of the paper as it passes under the roll. A watermarking dandy roll has a skeletal structure which is covered with a wire cloth that has a design affixed to it. As the wet web of paper passes under the watermarking dandy roll, the design is impressed into the paper which results in a permanent watermark on the sheet.
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- DAO
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- Darkening
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Refers to the condition of a book; describes the loss of color on the pages, dust jacket, or the cover of the book, which is usually caused by time or exposure to sunlight.
See also Fading.
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- Darkroom
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A lighttight area used for processing films and for printing and processing papers; also for loading and unloading film holders and some cameras.
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- Dash
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In typography it is a mark used as an indicator of a pause between thoughts. The dash is comprised of the following varieties: two hyphens, the em dash, and the two en dashes. The vertical position, weight, and width will vary in different typestyles.
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- Data Center
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A data center is a facility used to house mission critical computer systems and associated components.
It generally includes environmental controls (air conditioning, fire suppression, etc.), redundant/backup power supplies, redundant data communications connections and high security.
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- Data Compression
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Term used in information technology for the reduction of memory space required for data by optimizing the binary notation of the information. Depending on the nature of the original data and their coding, compression ratios of 1:100 and higher can be achieved.
A distinction is made between compression methods that involve loss of information and “non-lossy” or lossless methods. Typical “lossy” methods include the JPEG format for images or the MP3 format for music clips.
Methods for compressing numerical data, such as MNP5 and V.42bis for data transmission, and compression methods for files (zip, lha, rar, etc.), are of the lossless variety.
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- Data Disk
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A circular, rotating disk at the end of Advanced Photo System film cassettes that functions as a circular bar code, communicating the film speed, type and exposure length through a sequence of reflective bars to an optical sensor in the camera.
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- Data Entry
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The process of entering names and addresses or other data into a computer from a printed or handwritten list.
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- Data Feed
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The information or data that is selected from a base of content residing on a computer file and sent to a variable output device for variable information processing. Data feeds may be pictures or text that is selected to send a personalized message to a target audience of many or one.
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- Data Field
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In a database, it is the area designated for specific information to be entered and stored.
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- Data Management
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The process of an operating system to organize, catalog, locate, store, retrieve, and maintain data.
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- Data Mining
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Term encompassing a range of processes used to glean information from databases. Data mining involves statistical and artificial intelligence methods and can reveal information about the typical behavior of groups of people. Data mining is a tool used, for example, by banks, insurance and other companies that collect large amounts of data on their customers.
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- Data Transmission
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The sending of a computer file over a network or other form of telecommunications.
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- Database
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A collection of data items which are organized and stored in fields and records which enables a computer program to easily access selected pieces of data.
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- Database Marketing
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The use of computer files containing data such as names, addresses, marital status, age, needs and other relevant facts to market a specific product or service to prospective customers. Sometimes referred to as target marketing, it allows for targeting of the audience in order to improve respones rates.
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- Database Publishing
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The creation of marketing materials that may be personalized or customized through the use of a repository of information, or a database, that has been created to provide information on a variety of aspects of an audience.
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- Day-Glo
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Trade name for inks and papers containing fluorescent pigments.
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- DBMC
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Destination Bulk Mail Center Rate
A discounted postal rate that is obtained when the mailing is properly prepared and delivered by the mailer to the BMC (Bulk Mail Center) or other designated postal facility that is to service the delivery address (ZIP Code range) on the mail.
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