Fine Print School | Glossary: H

H and J: Hyphenation and justification. Justification of text and adding hyphenation where necessary to make the lines justified.

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Hacker: Someone who enjoys learning computer programming and systems. He is considered an expert in this area but may be regarded by others as a person who gains unauthorized access to a computer system with intent to cause problems.

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Hairline: 1.The thinnest possible line or space that is visible.

2.The thinnest line that can be produced.

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Hairline Register: Refers to very close registration. In four color process printing it means to register within one half of a dot to a whole dot, depending on the size of the dots.

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Hairline Rule: The thinnest rule that can be printed, generally considered to be less than one point or 1/72” wide.

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Halation: In photography, a blurred effect, resembling a halo, usually occurring in the highlight areas or around bright objects.

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Half Binding: Style of binding wherein the shelf-back and the corners are bound in a different material from that used on the sides.

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Half Cloth: A book that with cloth covered spine and paper covered boards

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Half Duplex: The transmission of data between two terminals in only one direction at any given time. (Transmission may be in both directions but not at the same time.)

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Half Leather: A term indicating that the spine and the corners of a book are bound in leather, while the rest of the binding may be cloth or paper. Also see Quarter Leather.

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Half Page Island Portion: A preferred ad position that is two columns wide and three-quarters of a page deep, with no other advertisement adjacent to it or on the same page.

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Half Round Cutters: Are made from blanks that have been “split” or “halved” approximately on center through a grinding process. This tool has a cross-section that is half of a cylinder and is the choice for most engraving cutter applications.

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Half Sheet Work: A certain number of pages imposed in one form, printed on one side and then backed up with the same form. The printed sheet is then cut in half giving two complete copies or sections. Backing up may be accomplished by using either a ‘work and tumble’ or ‘work and turn’ process.

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Half Up: Artwork one and a half times the size which it will be reproduced.

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Half-Scale Black: Black separation made to have dots only in the shadows and midtones, as compared to full-scale black and skeleton black.

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Half-Title: The extra page, in front of the title page, that bears the abbreviated title of the book.

In the days when books were sold as unbound leaves, the half-title served as a “cover” for the protection of the true title page.

Also known as Fly Title.

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Halftone: 1. A continuous tone image that has been photographed or scanned and then converted into tiny dots whose variations in size create the appearance of variations in tone.

Light areas, or highlights, have small dots and darker areas, or shadows, have larger dots.

Georg Meisenbach (1841-1912) is considered the inventor of halftone technology.

2. Traditionally, a halftone screen is a piece of film with a grid of lines (line screen).

It is used to break down continuous tone images, such as photographs, into half-tone images for printing.

The halftone screen breaks down the image into a symetrically aligned series of dots – known as halftone dots.

Nowadays, this process is generally done digitally, via an imagesetter.

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Halftone Color Synthesis: Refers to the way in which a color impression is generated when printing screened color images.

The individual screen dots in the CMYK basic colors when using four-color printing are printed either next to or on top of each other.

Both additive and subtractive color synthesis is possible. Even unprinted portions of an image, which are generally white, contribute to the color impression.

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Halftone Negative: A negative made from a halftone screen which will be used to print a representation of a photograph using dots created from the screen.

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Halftone Paper: A high finish paper that is ideal for halftone printing.

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Halftone Positive Artwork: A photographic positive containing a halftone image.

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Halftone Screen: A transparent material consisting of evenly spaced lines that is placed between a photograph and the film to be exposed. The number of lines to the inch controls the coarseness of the final dot formation; the more lines used, the higher the quality. The screen that is used depends on the paper and the type of printing process used. In electronic systems, the screen is simulated by software

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Halftone Wedge: A control patch on the Ugra/FOGRA digital plate wedge, required for the determination of the printing characteristics of a printing press.

It consists of (nine) patches increasing in most cases in increments of 10 percent from an area coverage of 0 to 100 percent (solid patch) for the densitometric control of tone values and dot gain during printing.

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Halftoning Process: Photographically or digitally converting a continuous tone image into a halftone.

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Halfweb Press: Generally referred to web offset presses that are 17 3/4” x 26” in size.

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Halo: 1. An undesirable outline around the edge of a printed image.

2. An outline of adhesive around the outside edges of a label caused by oozing of the adhesive or label shrinkage.

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Hand Engraving: The art of engraving done freehand using specially shaped and contoured hand-held tools and requiring a considerable degree of artistic talent.

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Handfolding: Sheet folding performed by hand typically using a folder – a flat, smooth piece of plastic about 15 centimeters long.

Only limited edition books are still folded by hand.

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Handmade Finish: A rough paper finish that resembles handmade paper.

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Handshake: An introductory exchange of set signals performed by devices, such as modems, to show that communication has been established and can continue.

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Glossary: H