Fine Print Knowledge Center
The online guide to print and design.
- I Code
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A label technology sold by Philips for the identification of objects using transponders that respond to radio waves. These transponders are less than 0.5 millimeters thick, can be applied in stickers measuring up to 2 by 2 centimeters, can store up to 512 bits of data, and use the scanner’s radio waves to obtain the energy they need to function.
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- IAB
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The Internet Architecture Board
The committee charged with oversight of the technical and engineering development of the Internet by the Internet Society (ISOC).
It oversees a number of Task Forces, of which the most important are the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).
The body which eventually became the IAB was originally formed by the United States Department of Defense’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under the name Internet Configuration Control Board in 1979; it eventually became the Internet Advisory Board in September, 1984, and then the Internet Activities Board in May, 1986 (the name was changed, while keeping the same acronym). It finally became the Internet Architecture Board, under ISOC, in January, 1992, as part of the Internet’s transition from a U.S.-government entity to an international, public entity.
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- IAB
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The Internet Architecture Board
The committee charged with oversight of the technical and engineering development of the Internet by the Internet Society (ISOC).
It oversees a number of Task Forces, of which the most important are the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).
The body which eventually became the IAB was originally formed by the United States Department of Defense’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under the name Internet Configuration Control Board in 1979; it eventually became the Internet Advisory Board in September, 1984, and then the Internet Activities Board in May, 1986 (the name was changed, while keeping the same acronym). It finally became the Internet Architecture Board, under ISOC, in January, 1992, as part of the Internet’s transition from a U.S.-government entity to an international, public entity.
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- IAB
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The Internet Architecture Board
The committee charged with oversight of the technical and engineering development of the Internet by the Internet Society (ISOC).
It oversees a number of Task Forces, of which the most important are the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).
The body which eventually became the IAB was originally formed by the United States Department of Defense’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under the name Internet Configuration Control Board in 1979; it eventually became the Internet Advisory Board in September, 1984, and then the Internet Activities Board in May, 1986 (the name was changed, while keeping the same acronym). It finally became the Internet Architecture Board, under ISOC, in January, 1992, as part of the Internet’s transition from a U.S.-government entity to an international, public entity.
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- IANA
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Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
The entity that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, and other Internet protocol assignments.
It is operated by ICANN
Prior to the establishment of ICANN for this purpose, IANA was administered primarily by Jon Postel at the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California, under a contract USC/ISI had with the United States Department of Defense, until ICANN was formed to assume the responsibility under a United States Department of Commerce contract.
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- IAP
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Internet Access Provider
A business or organization that provides to consumers access to the Internet and related services.
In the past, most ISPs were run by the phone companies.
Now, ISPs can be started by just about any individual or group with sufficient money and expertise.
In addition to Internet access via various technologies such as dial-up and DSL, they may provide a combination of services including Internet transit, domain name registration and hosting, web hosting, and colocation.
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- IBC
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- ICANN
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Headquartered in Marina Del Rey, California, ICANN is a California non-profit corporation that was created on September 18, 1998 in order to oversee a number of Internet-related tasks previously performed directly on behalf of the U.S. Government by other organizations, notably IANA.
The tasks of ICANN include managing the assignment of domain names and IP addresses.
To date, much of its work has concerned the introduction of new generic top-level domains. The technical work of ICANN is referred to as the IANA function; the rest of ICANN is mostly concerned with defining policy.
On September 29, 2006, ICANN signed a new agreement with the United States Department of Commerce that is a step forward toward the full management of the Internet’s system of centrally coordinated identifiers through the multi-stakeholder model of consultation that ICANN represents.
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- ICC
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International Color Consortium
An association of manufacturers of prepress products dedicated to promoting color management or device-independent color processing. Fogra oversees the organization.
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- ICOM
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International Council of Museums
The International Council of Museums is an international organization of museums and museum professionals which is committed to the conservation, continuation and communication to society of the world’s natural and cultural heritage, present and future, tangible and intangible.
Created in 1946, ICOM is a non-governmental organization maintaining formal relations with and having a consultative status with UNESCO.
As a non-profit organization, ICOM is financed primarily by membership fees and supported by various governmental and other bodies.
It carries out part of UNESCO’s programme for museums.
Based in Paris, France, the ICOM Headquarters houses both the ICOM Secretariat and the UNESCO-ICOM Museum Information Centre.
ICOM provides the policy basis for the operation of the .museum (“dot-museum”) top-level domain.
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- Icon
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An image, symbol or graphic representation capable of standing alone as a representation of a product or business.
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- ICT
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Information and Communication(s) Technology
In particular, IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information.
For that reason, computer professionals are often called IT specialists/ consultants or Business Process Consultants, and the division of a company or university that deals with software technology is often called the IT department.
Also known as Infomation Technology (IT).
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- ID
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- IDE Alliance
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International Digital Enterprise Alliance
Founded in 1966 as the Graphic Communications Association (GCA), this non-profit organization promotes the development of IT standards in the publishing industry and currently has over 300 members.
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- Idler Rolls
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Roller mechanisms on converting machines used to support, smooth or direct the web in its course of travel through a machine. Not driven.
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- IFC
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- IGD
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Institut für grafische Datenverarbeitung
Translation: Institute for Computer Graphics in Darmstadt, Germany
Developer of product prototypes (hard and software) and the realization of concepts, models, and solutions for computer graphics.
www.igd.fhg.de
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- Ilfra
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An international association based in Darmstadt with over 3000 members from the publishing industry, the primary objective of which is to promote the exchange of technical information and experience. Ifra coordinates research projects, workgroups, symposia and seminars. The Ifra Expo exhibition devoted to newspaper production is held in October each year.
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- Illum
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Referring to polychrome illustrations. It usually means an illuminated manuscript.
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- Illuminated
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A manuscript or book embellished with decorative elements that are typically hand-painted in rich colors and are sometimes gilded. The elements may include initial letters, designs, and/or pictorial scenes.
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- Illustrated Wraps
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An Illustration printed on a paperback cover.
This decorative practice began in the early 1850s, with the publication of Letters Left at the Pastry-Cook’s by J.S. Mayhew, and was the precursor of the next trend in publishing yellowbacks.
The sensational pictorial paper cover novels of the later 19th and 20th centuries are famous for their lurid, colorful covers.
Also known as Pictorial Paper Cover
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- Illustration
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Refers to any picture, diagram, portrait, or non-text item in a work, which is used to clarify the text or for decoration.
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- Illustration Printing Paper (Magazine Paper)
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Paper made from chemical pulp and, in some cases, a minimal amount of wood pulp. This is a coated stock that is often calendered. It offers opacity similar to that of wood pulp paper, features excellent non-aging properties and does not yellow.
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- Illustrator
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A graphic design and drawing program designed and manufactured by Adobe.
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- Image Advertising
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Advertising designed to make its recipients feel more favorable toward the advertiser by portraying the advertiser in a favorable light.
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- Image Area (Layout Area)
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Refers to the area of a page to be filled with text and/or images. The image area is determined according to aesthetic criteria and the nature of the printed material. The layout of an image area is part of the field of macrotypography.
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- Image Assembly
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The process of stripping negatives or positives together on a flat before platemaking.
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- Image Control
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A component of the Prinect workflow concept designed by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, which is the world’s only quality assurance system in the print process that measures complete print sheets using spectrophotometric technology.
After comparing the results with the values of the OK sheet, the color deviations that have been identified are fed online to the press in order to adjust the ink zone settings. This method processes a thousand times more information than is possible using print control strips.
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- Image Cut Out
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- Image Editing
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Software that enables a user to perform retouching or color correction of digitized images obtained by using a scanner, Photo CD, digital photography, or chip art. Adobe Photoshop is a widely used image-editing program.
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