Fine Print

Fine Print Knowledge Center

The online guide to print and design.

Introduction
A Brief History of Printing
PrePress
Planning and Strategy
Design Tips
Color Management
File Submission
Proofing
Materials and Stocks
Inks
Platemaking
Types of Printing
Offset Lithography
Digital Printing
Screen Printing
Gravure
Thermography
Flexography
Letterpress
Large Format
Specialty Printing
3D Printing
Promotional
Security Printing
Green Printing
Types of Finishes
Coatings
Binding
Folding
Scoring
Die Cutting
Embossing
Foil Stamping
Perforations
Offset Printing

A lithographic printing process based on the different wetting characteristics of the printing and non-printing areas of the printing form.

When printing, the lipophile or “oil-friendly” image areas absorb the oil-like printing ink and the blank hydrophile areas repel it.

Offset printing works is an indirect printing procedure in that the printing form transfers the printing image onto a blanket cylinder, which in turn prints the paper or other material.

There is a distinction between sheetfed offset and web (or rotary) offset printing. The former prints on paper sheets and the latter on a paper web.

Also referred to as offset lithography.

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Offsetting

The transfer of ink from one side of the printed sheet to the back side of the sheet on top of it due to the ink not properly drying before the sheets come in contact with each other.

Technically referred to as set off.

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Ogilvy, David (1911-1999)

British entrepreneur who was known in his later years as the “Great Old Man” of advertising, and was often referred to as one of the geniuses of the industry.

His book “Confessions of an Advertising Man” (1963) is an industry classic and was called the “Advertiser’s Bible.” In 1938, Ogilvy came to the U.S., founding ten years later the Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather (HOB&M) advertising agency in New York.

The company, now called Ogilvy & Mather, is presently represented in over 70 countries.

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OLE

Object Linking and Embedding

A protocol and Application Programming Interface (API) that allows you to create an object in one program and then link or embed it in another program.

It allows programs talk to each other.

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OMR

Optical Mark Recognition

A method of recognizing handwritten marks, which are read by specialized scanning equipment, and then converting them into a value that can be interpreted and translated into readable instructions.

This allows for automating the processing of the information. Generally the forms have a timing mark or sensing mark printed on them that indicates to the scanner that a handwritten entry has been made in that location.

Scoring results from student tests, pomotional check-offs and election ballots are a few of the standard types of documents using OMR. OMR is also used by some inserting equipment to insure that the correct pieces of a mailiing are inserted into each mailing package.

Each individual piece has a printed mark which is read by the inserting equipment, telling it which pieces mail together.

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On Demand

The process of providing digital or printed data such as documents and materials in smaller quantities, instead of being ordered and then processed in batches that involve longer processing and the storage of larger amounts of materials.

On Demand printing most often involves the use of digital presses as output devices to run higher quality reproductions in shorter runs or limited quantities.

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On-Machine Coating

Coating of the paper while it is on the paper machine.

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One Time Carbon

A lightweight paper that has a carbon coating that is suitable for transfering an image only one time in a given area, opposed to a pencil carbon that will repeatedly transfer an image.

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One-Bit Color

The number of colors per pixel that a particular graphics file can store. Each pixel is represented by one bit, which is either black or white.

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One-Directional Fold

A fold in which the untrimmed sheet is only creased once.

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One-to-One Marketing

A term for market research, advertising and sales which are directed at individual customers and take account of their individual wishes and preferences.

Internet technology, which allows direct interaction with consumers, has made one-to-one marketing possible in markets with large numbers of customers who in the past could only be contacted through mass communication.

Online dealers can use software which automatically evaluates the behavior of visitors to their web site, and then respond with targeted individual offers.

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One-Up

Only having one image of a complete item on a layout, negative or plate.

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Onionskin

A lightweight paper sometimes used for carbon copies. Weights range from 7 lb. to 11 lb. Onionskin generally contains 25% to 100% cotton fibers.

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Onionskin Paper

A glazed, wood-free, show-through paper with a grammage of 30 to 39 gsm.

White or colored stocks with grammages of 25.30 or 40 gsm are erroneously termed onionskin.

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Online

1. When accessing data on a computer, the data being accessed is directly connected to your computer whether it be on the hard drive, a network server or the internet.

2. When printing on a press, there are times when special features need to be added to the product, which can be accomplished on the press. Since the feature does not have to be done by a separate operation, the feature is being accomplished online.

Online features could include perfing, punching, folding, affixing, or adding computerized data.

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Online Processing

When a computer request from the user is processed immediately.

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Online Viewing

When a report is stored so that it can be viewed by the user on the terminal they are logged into.

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Ooze

When the adhesive on a pressure sensitive labels comes out the edges around the label, the sides of a roll of labels or the sides of a stack of sheet labels.

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OP

Out of Print

A publication that is no longer available through the publisher.

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Opacimeter

A device used to determine the opacity of the paper or the level of “show through”.

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Opacity

The degree of a paper’s resistance to light.

Paper printed on both sides must have optimum opacity, a property enhanced by a higher wood content as well as fillers such as kaolin, talcum and titanium dioxide.

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Opaque

1. The property of paper that prevents “show through” of printing from the opposite side.

2. A water soluble paint used to block out areas on the negative film that you do not want light to pass through and expose the plate.

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Opaque Adhesive

Adhesive used for blockout purposes. It is used to prevent show through when a label is used to cover up errors.

The adhesive is generally permanent.

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Opaque Ink

Ink that does not allow the paper or other ink lying below it to show through.

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Open E-Book

OEB

A group that aims to promote electronic books (e-books) by defining a standard for their format.

Under the name Open E-Book Publication Structure, the group of manufacturers known as the Open E-Book Authoring Group published the first standard of this kind in September 1999.

It is designed to allow publishers to release their publications in a format that can be displayed by all e-book readers.

The HTML and XML formatting languages are the technical basis for this specification.

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Open End Envelope

An envelope with an opening along its short dimension.

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Open Side Envelope

An envelope with an opening along its longest dimension.

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Open Source

Describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product’s source materials – typically, their source code allowing users to create user-generated software content.

Some consider it as a philosophy, and others consider it as a pragmatic methodology.

Before open source became widely adopted, developers and producers used a variety of phrases to describe the concept; the term open source gained popularity with the rise of the Internet and its enabling of diverse production models, communication paths, and interactive communities.

Subsequently, open source software became the most prominent face of open source practices.

The open source model can allow for the concurrent use of different agendas and approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically used in commercial software companies.

“Open source” as applied to culture defines a culture in which fixations are made generally available.

Participants in such a culture are able to modify those products and redistribute them back into the community.

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Open-Source Software

Open-source software is an antonym for closed source source and refers to any computer software whose source code is available under a copyright license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.

Software available free of charge as an alternative to conventional commercial models.

Open source software can be used and disseminated at will, and the source code is open and can be changed as required.

The only condition is that the user make such changes known and pass this information on to others.

Open source software is the shared intellectual property of all developers and users and, thanks to the collaboration, achieves a higher level of quality than software produced using conventional means.

The best known example of open source software is the Linux operating system.

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Opera

A cross-platform web browser and Internet suite which handles common internet-related tasks, including visiting web sites, sending and receiving e-mail messages, managing contacts, online chat and Widgets .

It runs on a variety of operating systems, including many versions of Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, FreeBSD and Solaris systems.

It is also used in mobile phones, smartphones, Personal Digital Assistants, game consoles and interactive televisions.

Opera’s lightweight mobile web browser Opera Mini and most current versions of its desktop application are offered free of charge.

It is proprietary software and closed source.

http://www.opera.com/

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