Fine Print Knowledge Center
The online guide to print and design.
- Pander File
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The master file of names of people who no longer want to receive direct mail. Most mailing list service bureaus possess this master file.
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- Panel
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One side of one section of a folded brochure or mailer.
Each folded section has a front and back panel.
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- Pannelled
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Ruled lines forming a square border or frame on a binding, which is done in gilt or blind.
Also known as compartments.
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- Panning
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Moving the camera so that the image of a moving object remains in the same relative position in the viewfinder as you take a picture.
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- Panorama
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- Panoramic
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- Pantograph Screen
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A screen that is printed in the background of a document. It is usually printed in a lighter color of ink and made up of a design that is hard to copy or scan.
The main purpose of the pantograph is to help make the document hard to duplicate by someone trying to forge or alter the document.
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- Pantone Colors
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Colors based on a system used worldwide that the Pantone print shop (New Jersey) introduced for the graphic arts industry in 1963.
The system is based on 512 reference color tones which are mixed from eight basic colors, black and white and are printed on coated and uncoated paper.
Today, there are over 1,100 Pantone colors available on a broad range of papers.
Pantone has also published color systems for textiles, plastics, paints, film and video.
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- Pantone Matching System
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A registered name for an ink color matching system used to compare, match and identify specific colors.
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- Paper Boards
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A binding made of stiff cardboard that is covered in paper.
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- Paper Grade
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The quality of paper as determined by the ingredients of the stock such as wood or cotton fiber and the method of manufacturing.
All papers fit into a group or type of paper which is its grade.
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- Paper Grain
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The direction in which the fibers line up during the manufacturing process. It is easier to fold, bend, or tear the paper along the same direction of the fibers.
Cut sheet laser printers generally use long grain paper in which the grain runs parallel to the long side of the paper, resulting in better performance through the laser printer.
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- Paper Manufacturer
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A company that makes paper.
They generally make paper in web rolls, sheets and cut sizes.
The paper is sold to paper merchants and printers.
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- Paper Merchant
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A distributor that buys paper from the paper manufacturer and resells it to the paper buyer.
They generally handle many types of paper and are knowledgeable about them so that they can advise the buyer on what will best fit their need
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- Paper Plates
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A plate used for analog and digital offset printing produced from a cellulose material.
The plates are used for short runs on smaller printing equipment and use a toner-based technology for imaging.
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- Paper Sizes
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US standard sizes include the following:
A (8.5” x 11”), B (11” x 17”), C (17” x 22”), D (22” x 34”), E (34” x 44”), executive (7.25” x 10.5”), and legal (8.5” x 14”). ’’A’’ size is also referred to as ’’letter’’, and ’’B’’ size is referred to as ’’tabloid’’ or ’’l
International Standard A-series sizes include the following:
A0 (1189×841 mm), A1 (841×594 mm), A2 (549 . 420 mm), A3 (420×297 mm), A4 (297×210 mm), A5 (210×148 mm), A6 (148×74 mm)
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- Paper Wraps
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Paper covers of a book.
The term is sometimes used interchangeably with paperback.
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- Paperback
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A book with a paper cover.
Sir Allen Lane, founder of Penguin books, was credited with inventing the modern paperback when he published Ariel by Andre Maurois with a paper cover in 1936.
Also known as wrappers.
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- Paperboard
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A paper product with a grammage that is higher than paper, but lower than cardboard.
A distinction is made between single-layer and multilayer board. In the U.S., paperboard is often called “cover paper”.
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- Paperbound
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- Papyrus
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A durable writing material in roll, sheet or book form made from a giant sedge, Cyperus papyrus.
To produce papyrus, the pith of the plant is sliced into strips that are laid out in a row with the edges slightly overlapping.
Another row is then laid crosswire on top of the first. Next, the two layers are moistened with water and pounded into a sheet of writing material, smoothed and then dried.
Papyrus was used as a writing material by the Egyptians since the beginning of the third century B.C. Beginning in the second century A.D.
It was produced in Egypt in large quantities and transported throughout the ancient world.
In time papyrus was replaced by parchment, which was in turn was replaced by paper.
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- Paragraph Format
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Layout instruction and print command that determines text alignment, margin width and spacing.
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- Parallax
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With a lens-shutter camera, parallax is the difference between what the viewfinder sees and what the camera records, especially at close distances.
This is caused by the separation between the viewfinder and the picture-taking lens.
There is no parallax with single-lens-reflex cameras because when you look through the viewfinder, you are viewing the subject through the picture-taking lens.
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- Parallel Cable
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A common computer connecting device which enables images or data to be transmitted in multiple bits (8 bits per time) rather than single bits one at a time.
A faster method than serial cables for transferring images. Most often used to connect printers, external storage devices, and card readers to the computer.
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- Parallel Center Fold
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A folding technique in which the product is creased in the middle in order to halve the respective length in every pocket of the buckle folder.
The page is folded in half and then folded in half again in the same direction.
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- Parallel Cut
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A cut performed by setting the saddle (material stop) parallel to the cutting line.
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- Parallel Fold
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A fold that runs parallel to another fold or a particular edge.
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- Parallel Printer
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A printer that has a parallel port connection. A parallel port uses a 25-pin connectio
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- PARC
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Palo Alto Research Center
Organization established in 1970 by the Xerox Corporation that has had a decisive influence on the development of computer technology through the present.
Among other achievements, the research institute developed the graphic user interface used on Macintosh and Windows computers, the first commercially available computer mouse, Ethernet network technology, client server architecture, object-oriented programming and the laser printer.
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- Parchment
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A stiff material made of animal skin that is used for printing, writing, bindings, legal documents and manuscripts.
Material that is made of paper but looks and feels similar to the skin material can also be called parchment.
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